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many ways earthwork calculation, common grid method and the cross-sectional method. -
parking should be noted that the channel size (the vertical parking is not less than 6 meters), the size of parking spaces (car should be 2.6 m X5.8 m). -
integrated complexity: all the elements of the base and with the city, the relationship between adjacent bases, the natural elements, the professional requirements. -
4.2.6 earth map -
Construction conditions: The status quo conditions, project preparation conditions, infrastructure conditions -
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What
should be aware of at the map border marker mapping of time, units, scale, plane coordinate system, vertical elevation, the basic contour interval, map name, map number and the adjacent map sheet of mosaic relationships, topographic map direction (typically for the north, left the West right-east, or to determine the direction of the first word) -
1. Expression of base and existing topography, the city, adjacent base, the base of the vertical relationships between the various elements. -
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Non-delivery of
new and traditional use of environmentally friendly materials: If there is no sand concrete (infiltration of rain), the new asphalt (high strength, long life, low noise) -
reading surface features on the distribution of topographic maps (built structures, rivers, roads, etc.) -
control guidance: studies to determine the base child of the construction of the baseline conditions and requirements. -
4.2.4 General Plan -
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purposes: -
4.2.8 Green and architectural sketch layout 1 layout; -
4.2.9 Detail -
5 buildings, structures (civil air defense projects, underground garage, oil depots, storage tanks and other covert projects dotted line) the name or number, floor number, location (coordinates or the relationship between size); (height, buildings, the outline of structures and functions) -
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Public restrictions
purposes: -
3 retained all the new line (trench), inspection wells, septic tanks, storage tanks and other flat position. State of the pipelines, septic tanks, storage tanks and buildings, structures and pipelines from space; -
2. guide the construction, to determine the number of outward moving or outsourcing. -
5 indicate the dimensions, proportions. Legend, the construction requirements. -
1. local authorities focused review of the main drawing (the implementation of urban planning conditions, and urban roads and the relationship between the status quo, planning, land, transportation,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], fire, air defense, landscape, heritage, education, environment, health, real estate, municipal, water, etc.) -
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earth shall be calculated separately, considering first, the final loose factor. -
general layout design civil design is an important part of an integral, on the construction project plays a crucial role in integrated control, there is no general layout design of the project will be many problems, will lengthen the construction period, an increase construction investment, after the completion of the use of, or even affect the life and property caused by the loss of harmony. (Landslides, water logging, fire, evacuation, transportation, etc.) to understand the technical requirements of general layout design can be better with the help of architects in the program phase. -
Land boundaries: land red line (pegs Report: red corner coordinates, parcel, land acquisition and construction sites, collect the land, roads red line), building the red line (control line, back line requirements) - ;
general layout design: a base construction projects for the overall design of construction projects based on the use of functional requirements and planning and designing, the status of conditions inside and outside the base and the relevant laws and regulations, norms, based on the organization and arrangement artificially site the relationship between the various elements of the activity. -
the preliminary design stage: 3.3. General Plan - Design Manual, regional location map (drawn as needed), general layout, vertical layout -
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natural conditions: topography, climate (weather), engineering geology, hydrology and hydrogeology, etc. -
4.2.7 Pipeline comprehensive general layout of Figure 1; -
make the road should be considered ended back yard (120 m). -
8 compass or wind roses; -
the basement with a formula, based on building structures, roads, underground pipeline excavated volume -
(e) the basics of earth -
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symmetry: ridge lines, valley lines appear on both sides of the same elevation contours -
7 indicate the size of units, scale, legend and construction requirements. -
General Plan design features
pipeline layout should consider landscaping. -
4.2.5 vertical layout -
1 to retain terrain and surface features; -
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2 green (including water), pedestrian trails and hard floor position; -
(vi) basic knowledge of pipelines -
1. Calculation of investment costs. -
3. in turn, can affect the general layout and vertical layout, make plane and vertical adjustments. -
(a) Overall layout of the design conditions -
(a) Overall layout of the design conditions -
reading topographic maps and vegetation distribution on the landscape (mountains, valleys, undulating terrain changes, trees, grass, etc.) -
3 position (coordinates or position size), the design elevation, detail index; -
5, general layout design results: -
(c) contour lines, contour interval, contour interval -
Road Cycling Road
Second, the general plan design features and main content: -
may need to draw the various stages of the drawings are: land acquisition plans, traffic flow charts, fire approval plans, civil defense plans for approval, green approval plans, geological survey positioning map, reported that construction (regulatory reporting) map, building positioning pay-off Figure, with the total monomer level review of construction plans and vertical plans, site early (rough) flat map,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], pipeline installation diagram reported, the pipeline crossing the tube set aside maps, diagrams with the transplanted tree diagram (note that the total master plan map is always Any modifications and changes in the overall plan should be amended in time, take advantage of the layer manager) -
road turning radius is generally 6-12 m, turning radius of fire road 9-12 meters (can be considered the turning radius of fire trucks driving route through 6-meters). -
2 measurement coordinates network, coordinates; (also known as the geodetic coordinates network, urban grid reference, the absolute coordinate grid) -
(b) topographic map reading -
including road cross section, pavement structure, retaining walls, slope protection, drainage ditches, wall, squares, sports grounds, playgrounds, parking floors, walls and other detail. -
link between road, consists of motorized vehicles, non-motor vehicle lanes, sidewalks, parking lots, back yards, squares, etc. -
natural elevation (original level), design elevation (elevation leveling), the zero line, the construction height (height of cut to fill), fill volume, the amount of excavation, more than soil, loss of soil -
4.2.10 design drawings of the change -
closed: contour line is closed. The map sheet in the inner and outer -
6 squares, car parks, sports venues, roads, fences, barrier-free facilities, drainage, retaining walls, slope protection and so the location (coordinates or the relationship between size). Road and put out any fire site,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], to be marked; -
three sentences of this interpretation of the purpose and content of the lecture: -
: Online elevation equal to the points, but the point is not necessarily equal elevation on a contour line -
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into flat curbs curbs curbs and set two, consider the frequent use of rainwater recycling curb level, different levels should be set between pavement curb. -
1 site measuring coordinates network, coordinates; -
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gentle nature: the density contour lines reflect the ground slope, density steep respite (small ground steep contour interval, contour spacing of large ground-slow) -
flow direction perpendicular to the contour lines. -
contour of
road design including graphic design, longitudinal design, cross-sectional design -
to take protective measures to decrease the distance. -
4 when the green or be commissioned Landscape design, landscaping and may need to draw sketches of the schematic construction and control layout -
topographic mapping often also known as the status of plans or status map -
2 precincts of measurement coordinates (or position size). Road red line, building control lines, land lines, the location; -
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5 drawing area when required by the bitmap or the environment diagram -
elevation: a ground point and the vertical distance of the geoid. (Absolute elevation, the absolute elevation) -
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\towards the region should choose the best or near best orientation. -
the technical requirements of the road: road width, traffic sight distance, road turning radius, road crossing points and Change Point of elevation, the road cross slope, intersection design, road construction practices. -
how the general layout design? -
cross-sectional area of law section calculated by multiplying the distance between sections, low precision -
general layout design also has a policy, local, and other characteristics of predictability, not them here. -
bad geological phenomena: gullies, landslides and collapse, faults, karst, earthquake, etc. -
subgrade density shall be 90%. -
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road should be designed to meet the stormwater drainage, laying of underground pipeline requirements. -
4 compass; -
environment protection and energy -
8 buildings, structures using the number should be listed \
9 indicate the size of units, scale, coordinates and elevation system (such as venue construction grid reference, identifying and measuring the relationship between grid reference), add illustrations and so on. (No separate manual, the main technical and economic indicators should be listed in the table,) -
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phase of the program: design of general instructions and design drawings, -
5 roads, ramps, drains the starting point, point of gradient change, a turning point and end point of the design elevation (top and road center and the drainage ditch), longitudinal slope, longitudinal distance, the key coordinates of the road indicated that the dual a slope or side slope, Li Ping Road Road teeth or teeth, if necessary, indicate the road horizontal curve and vertical curve elements; -
7 arrows indicate the ground with a slope aspect; as demanding on smooth ground or undulating terrain, the available design contour lines. Timely denote terrain profiles; -
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contour features -
accessibility considered in the design of general layout design, the disabled parking spaces, disabled ramp, blind tracks and so on. -
Building Sketch
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contour interval: the distance between adjacent contour lines. (Contour levels from) -
(d) basic knowledge of the road -
pipeline layout should be a reasonable choice to reduce the cross-and length, parallel to the road construction. As early as the design of the pipelines is very favorable. -
consider saving investment costs, pavement structure approach should be selected according to different requirements, parking spaces with grass brick approach, the smaller the thickness of the pavement using a structured approach. -
general layout design, overall design, site design, general layout and transportation design, the total graphic design, external works design, small municipal design, landscape design. (MASTER PLAN \ SITE PLAN \ GENERAL PLAN \ LANDSCAPE DESIGN) -
civil design, general layout design role, -
general layout design? -
(c) contour lines, contour interval, contour interval -
Third, general layout design knowledge -
high pitch: the height difference between adjacent contour lines. (1:500 or 1:1000 topographic map contour interval is 0.5 m, 1.0 m) -
(vi) basic knowledge of pipelines -
respect for nature, environmental protection and ancient building (retention of ancient trees, vegetation maintenance), etc. -
9 indicate the size of units, scale, legend, etc. added. -
3 map earth maps and pipelines can be designed to need to determine whether a graph; -
not change the nature: a great influence, very deadly. -
public restrictions: 1. laws, regulations, norms, standards and regulations. 2. Planning input (condition) 3. Relevant requirements. 4. Other conditions (2 and 3, there are now more regulations to control the force of law clearly 。)-
2 complex when the road network, it can increase the road layout drawing; -
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: contour lines can not intersect overlap, in addition to mutations at the cliff height, etc. -
2. is a road design, pipeline design, site catchment drainage, retaining wall design stage, the basis for calculation of earthwork. -
purposes: -
in the general layout, vertical layout and green design into account the infiltration of rain water, recycling, reduce the hardening of the ground -
road pavement materials by the structure approach, is divided into rigid pavement (cement concrete), flexible pavement (asphalt concrete), and ecology by gravel road pavement structure is conducive to infiltration of rain. -
economic indicators through the implementation of controlled technology: land boundaries, land properties, floor area ratio, building density, height limit, greening rate -
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graph coordinates of the intersection of the cross line is usually a multiple of 50 meters (a distance of 50 meters or 100 meters) -
the use of new technology: if ecological sewage treatment, ground-source (water) heat pump technology -
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Xu Zhonghui -
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2 venues neighborhood roads, water, ground elevation key; -
ridge line of a group of convex contour in the direction of low elevation, valley concave contour line of the direction of lower elevation (watershed, catchment) -
China Architecture Design and Research -
general layout design -
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road traffic organization is an important part of the square design to provide good internal and external traffic conditions, with a total graphic design have a decisive role on the transport organizations, the reasonableness of the total graphic design is one important indicator of traffic organization. -
7 compass or wind roses; -
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4 neighbors original site and planning of roads, green belts and other location (mainly the coordinates or position size), and major buildings and structures and underground structures such as the location, name, number of storeys; (building properties) -
5 lines of lots should be increased intensive cross-section diagram, indicating that the pipelines and buildings, structures, afforestation and pipeline between the distance between, and indicate the main crossing point or the distance between the upper and lower elevation of the pipeline; -
6 compass; -
(d) basic knowledge of the road -
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unique objective: the base is not the same without the same external environment and internal conditions, not be repeated. (Philosopher Aristotle?: People can not step into the same river twice in the stream) -
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contour: elevation equal to the connection of the adjacent points. (Straight line, curve, line) -
6 retaining walls, slope or ridge top and bottom of the main design elevation and slope gradient; -
vehicle width is 4 meters, two-lane to 7 meters, pay attention to one-way and two-way traffic to the different requirements should be 1.5 meters above the sidewalk. -
1. Master Plan design definition -
First, the role of general layout design,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], current status and development -
2. Horizontal Control within other professions and professional work is the basis for other work, other work and the plane has a relationship must be reflected in the total plan. (Such as building entrances and exits to determine the scope of the underground garage, the geological survey distribution, etc.) -
should be familiar with the typical landscape of the contour line group. -
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6, the total figure the importance of design -
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3 precincts of measurement coordinates (or position size), red road, building control lines, land lines, the location; -
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1 when the contents of a simple engineering design, the vertical layout of the map can be combined with the general plan; (single project) -
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4 squares, car parks, sports venues of the design elevation, and landscape design, water features, topography, terraces, courtyard of the controlling elevation; -
little digging as little as possible to fill in, the least amount of earth, digging little more filling, the nearest cut to fill, excavation and filling to avoid duplication. -
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gravity gravity pipeline are higher, another line to make it as far as possible. -
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listed above, the total expression of the base comprehensive plan for all building, structures, expression, and the adjacent base their constructs, urban public space between the various planes (ground, space and ground), the benchmark system uses coordinate relations system, the general dimensions in meters, the proportion of common 1:500,1:1000, general layout design of the total figure the results of the basic work, -
(e) the basics of earth -
4 off-line access point location; -
3 name or number of buildings and structures, interior and exterior design of the ground elevation, ground elevation and the construction of the roof surface casing height restrictions; -
construction drawing stage: 4.2. general layout, vertical layout of the map, earth map, comprehensive pipeline maps, landscaping and building layout sketch, details: including road cross section, pavement structure, retaining walls, slope protection, drains, wall, squares, sports grounds, playgrounds, parking floors, walls and other detailing -
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(b) topographic map reading -
including natural conditions and construction conditions, public constraints. -